geology |
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earth
: loose material composed of disintegrated Earth’s solid
components; synonym: soil. |
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astronomy |
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Earth
: the third planet in the solar system, lying between Venus and
Mars. |
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Easter
: an annual Christian festival in commemoration of the resurrection
of Jesus Christ, observed on the first Sunday after the first full
moon after the vernal equinox, as calculated according to tables
based in Western churches on the Gregorian calendar and in Orthodox
churches on the Julian calendar. Also called Easter Sunday,
the day on which this festival is celebrated. |
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Latin
abbreviation |
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e.g.
: exempli gratia : for example |
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ecosystem
: ecological system : a dynamic complex of
biotic communities (plant, animal and micro-organism) and their
abiotic environment (water, soil) interacting as a functional unit
to comprise and govern the behavior of some defined subset of the
biosphere. |
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game
: chess |
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Elo
rating : an internationally accepted statistical system
for ranking chess players, created by Arpad Elo in 1960 and adopted
by FIDE in 1970; it is a numerical representation of a player's
success rate and approximation of strength. International
Grandmasters are typically in the range 2500 to 2700, world
champions often over 2700; many games must be played before an Elo
rating can be estimated with confidence. Obviously, two players with
the same rating should have an equal chance of winning against each
other. Less obviously, the same rating difference implies the same
chance of winning: a player rated 2400 playing against a player
rated 2200 has the same chance of winning as a 1400 against a 1200.
The Elo rating is the foundation for the award of FIDE titles. |
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FIDE
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publishing
& printing |
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em : in
typesetting, a unit of linear measurement equal to the point size of
the type in question; e.g. a 6 point em is 6 points wide; within a
font of type of one size the typesetter commonly measures by ems,
e.g. in 9 point matter, to mark the copy for 1 em paragraph
indention means that each paragraph should be indented 9 points. |
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geography
: toponym |
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Embarcadero
: the Spanish term for a boat landing (from embarcar - to
embark) was commonly used in Spanish times of the southwestern US and
has survived in a number of places. |
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emigration :
ex(out of)-migration; leaving one's native country to settle abroad. |
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botany
& gardening |
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endocarp
(also: apicarp) : the inner
layer of the pericarp, as the stone of certain fruits. |
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botany
& gardening |
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endogen
: any plant that grows by adding tissue irregularly throughout the
stem; so called because the stems were formerly believed to grow
from within. |
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biology |
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endogenous
: growing or developing from or on the inside. |
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abbreviation |
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Eng. : English |
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engine
: a device which produces an output different from a given input; in
that broad meaning, the term engine encompasses mechanical
engines (which convert energy of a fuel or some type of mechanical
motion into energy of the desired mechanical motion, e.g. steam
engine or combustion engine) as well as computing engines (which
convert input data into the desired output data, e.g. search engine
or rendering engine). |
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enigma
: a perplexing, baffling, or seemingly inexplicable matter,
statement, person, etc.; something very difficult to understand. |
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physical
quantity
symbol: H
SI
units: [H]
= J/mol
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enthalpy
: a thermodynamic quantity equal to sum of the internal energy
(U) plus
external energy, i.e. the product of its volume (V) and
pressure (P),
of a thermodynamic system:
H = U +
P V
Enthalpy is the amount of energy in a system capable of doing
mechanical work: it is defined so that changes in enthalpy are equal to
the heat absorbed or released by a process running at constant
pressure; changes in enthalpy can be measured using calorimetry.
Synonyms: heat content,
total heat, heat of formation. |
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internal energy |
economics |
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entrepreneur
: an economic agent who perceives market opportunities and assembles
the factors of production to exploit them. |
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factors
of production |
botany
& gardening |
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epicalyx
: a calyx outside the true calyx - the calyx thus appears to be
composed of two whorls. |
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botany
& gardening |
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epicarp
(or exocarp) : the outermost
layer of the pericarp, often different in texture from the rest, as
the rind or peel of certain fruits. |
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botany
& gardening |
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epigenous
: growing on the surface, especially upper surface, as fungi on
leaves. |
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botany
& gardening |
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epigynous
: (of flowers) having all floral parts conjoint and generally
divergent from the ovary at or near its summit; having sepals,
petals, and stamens growing above the ovary; in this flower the
ovary is called inferior. |
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botany
& gardening |
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epiphyte
: a plant that grows above the ground upon another plant without
deriving any nourishment from it, e.g. ferns, mosses, and some
orchids; an epiphyte derives its nutrients and water from rain, the
air, dust, etc. |
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philosophy
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epistemology :
the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, origin and
scope of knowledge. |
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equinox
: the time when Sun crosses the plane of Earth's equator, making
night and day of approximately equal length all over Earth and
occurring about March 21 (vernal equinox or spring equinox)
and September 22 (autumnal equinox). |
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Latin
abbreviation |
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et
all. : et alii : and others |
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Latin
abbreviation |
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etc.
: et cetera : and so forth |
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Latin
abbreviation |
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et
seq. : et sequentes : and the
following |
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linguistics |
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etymology
: an account of the origin and development (derivation) of a word
and its meaning; the study of words and their origins. |
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Latin
prefix |
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ex- : prefix
of the meaning 'former' (as in ex-president) and 'outside' or
'out of' (as in exodus). |
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botany
& gardening |
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exfoliating
: peeling off in thin layers, as the bark of a birch or plane tree. |
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